Misnagdim

Misnagdim (hebreu: מתנגדים, també Mitnagdim; singular misnaged / mitnaged) és una paraula hebrea que significa «opositors».^[1] El terme «misnagdim» comunament es refereix als opositors del hassidisme.^[1] El terme «misnagdim» va guanyar un ús comú entre els jueus que vivien a Europa com el terme que es referia als jueus asquenazites que es van oposar a l'ascens i la propagació del judaisme hassídic primerenc.^[1]

El hassidisme i el misnagdim es van distingir com dues interpretacions dins del judaisme rabínic: El misnagdim va creure en la Càbala, ja que la Càbala Lurianica va substituir el mètode filosòfic medieval «racionalista» com a estructura completa de la teologia en el desenvolupament tradicional fins a l'actualitat.^[2] Tanmateix, l'estudi i pràctica cabalística misnagdim es va mantenir tradicionalment restringit a l'elit, amb la devoció popular en el rigor intel·lectual talmúdic, i posteriorment en l'ètica.

El hassidisme va popularitzar el misticisme en una nova psicologia per a les masses. Per contra, el domini de la literatura rabínica i el Talmud es podien trobar en totes dues faccions,^[3] ja que els acadèmics també estaven atrets per la filosofia del hassidisme. Actualment, les ieixivà lituanes i els camins del hassidisme continuen com els dos corrents alternatius reconciliats en el judaisme de l'Europa oriental.

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 Nadler, Allan. «Misnagdim». A: YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe (en anglès), 2010.
↑ Kabbalah: A Very Short Introduction, Joseph Dan, Oxford University Press 2007, chapter on Hasidism. The Vilna Gaon and Chaim Volozhin were intimately involved in Kabbalistic interpretation. In Torah Lishmah: Study of Torah for Torah's Sake in the Work of Rabbi Hayyim Volozhin and his Contemporaries, Ktav Pub, Norman Lamm describes Chaim Volozhin as the main theoretician of the Misnagdim, with Schneur Zalman of Liadi as his main Hasidic counterpart. He traces the Hasidic-Misnagdic schism to alternative immanent and transcendent interpretations of the Lurianic Tzimtzum. Lurianic Kabbalah remains the accepted traditional Jewish esoteric belief, even when restricted to elite study alone, in most contemporary Orthodox Judaism, with minority groups accepting only previous forms of Kabbalah, or only non-esoteric Medieval Rationalist Philosophy. Most Orthodoxy would see the diverse historical interpretations of Judaism as integral parts of the Rabbinic canon, and open to scholarly synthesis
↑ Rachel Elior. The Mystical Origins of Hasidism (en anglès). Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2008. ISBN 9781874774846.

[Nadler-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 Nadler, Allan. «Misnagdim». A: YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe (en anglès), 2010.

[2] Kabbalah: A Very Short Introduction, Joseph Dan, Oxford University Press 2007, chapter on Hasidism. The Vilna Gaon and Chaim Volozhin were intimately involved in Kabbalistic interpretation. In Torah Lishmah: Study of Torah for Torah's Sake in the Work of Rabbi Hayyim Volozhin and his Contemporaries, Ktav Pub, Norman Lamm describes Chaim Volozhin as the main theoretician of the Misnagdim, with Schneur Zalman of Liadi as his main Hasidic counterpart. He traces the Hasidic-Misnagdic schism to alternative immanent and transcendent interpretations of the Lurianic Tzimtzum. Lurianic Kabbalah remains the accepted traditional Jewish esoteric belief, even when restricted to elite study alone, in most contemporary Orthodox Judaism, with minority groups accepting only previous forms of Kabbalah, or only non-esoteric Medieval Rationalist Philosophy. Most Orthodoxy would see the diverse historical interpretations of Judaism as integral parts of the Rabbinic canon, and open to scholarly synthesis

[3] Rachel Elior. The Mystical Origins of Hasidism (en anglès). Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2008. ISBN 9781874774846.

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